5. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. 26. option C is correct. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to:A. the traditional view of management. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Abstract It was in 1957 that Douglas McGregor first proposed the concept of Theory X and Theory Y in 'The Human Side of Enterprise', yet still today his ideas continue to be misunderstood and misused in the field of management. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Under these conditions, people will seek responsibility. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. The instructor is responsible for actively sharing their knowledge with the students. These do not require any motivation to work. 3. 4. It is not necessary to threaten students with lower grades; they are not naturally lazy. McGregor's 1960 book, . In industry, the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilised. 4. the traditional view of management. Employees are motivated by self-control and not external control. McGregor's Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. 1. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. 1. esteem needs Your email address will not be published. E)the equity theory. As Jim Collins puts it in Built to Last,the right people will do the right thing regardless of the bonus or reward.. This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. Theory Y holds that employees should be trusted and empowered. 1. job sharing. Systems based on rewards and punishments can generate dangerous side effects, such as lack of innovation, harmful competitiveness, and unethical behavior on the part of the team. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. reward is the sole motivator for workers. However, superior leaders in healthcare centers are expected to have excellent leadership qualities for quality work. Avoiding confrontation (unless you are genuinely being bullied, which is a different matter) and delivering results are key tactics. Introduction I decided to explore the concept of McGregor's X and Y theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, which was developed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of . You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Reduce a company's operating expenses 4. A type of job enrichment We are hiring! The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business and management readers a clear overview of McGregor's ideas, their use, critique, and contribution to . Douglas McGregor (1960, 1966) classified managers' attitudes or belief system, which he called assumptions, as Theory X and Y. A problem As a result, they focus on coercing and controlling their employees with punishment to get them to work toward achieving the company's objectives. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. It is much more decentralized and requires more participation from the managers, but assumes that workers would also be committed to the long-term goals of the company. If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. To achieve the desired performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions. Which of the following is stated by the expectancy theory? 4. 3. the equity theory. Abraham Maslow. . Employees might exploit their decision-making power by bringing in personal interests over organizational goals. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website and provide a relevant marketing for you. Yet . Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. Managers have many assumptions about their employees in Theory X: Many of these assumptions are based on basic physical needs. What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. 4. increase in productivity as pay increased Theory X-based cultures will fail to retain the best talent for the simple fact that knowledge workers cannot tolerate systems based on command and control, micromanagement, and a management style of the last century. Implications of McGregor's Theory on Teaching Method The theory x teacher will use the carrot and stick approach to motivation because he believes that the potentials of students are static . Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. Most people are not ambitious, have little desire for responsibility, and prefer to be directed. 5. specialization. 3. the equity theory. 1. Selena is a programmer for a streaming company. Instead of punishing the employee or associating a reward with work, the manager will allow them to collaborate with others and find solutions that fulfill the team members self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs. They need guidance throughout their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task well and complete it on time. D. Elton Mayo. It mightseemthat the optimal approach to human resource management would lie somewhere between these extremes. 3. The approach focuses on persuading employees to complete work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they cannot complete the task. E. the equity theory. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. 2. 4. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. 1. This theory cannot be used with experienced professionals. This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. 2. 1. Freedom Clothing has several locations in Dallas and Houston. Job enhancement. The financial incentive does not motivate all employees. As part of this theory, managers must be able to motivate employees. 2. equity theory If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. Which need is Diego trying to meet? 3. After employing a particular theory, monitor its performance. However, McGregor asserts that neither approach is appropriate, since the basic assumptionsof Theory X are incorrect. Rosalyn is a social media manager. Maslow's hierarchy of needs 5. The manager will trust the employees decisions and help them understand their contribution to the company. Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? 1. esteem needs 5. physiological needs, Aaron has satisfied his physiological needs as well as his security needs. Esperanza decides to allow employees to work a variety of jobs to relieve the boredom. The managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Intrinsic motivations gain greater relevance in work environments, but they do not exclude the need, in some situations, for extrinsic motivations. Douglas McGregor. McGregor created Theory X based on Maslow's lower needs on the hierarchy of needs model (food, water, necessities). 2. 3. a compressed workweek. The organizational culture is everyones responsibility, but HR must be the great driver and guardian of this new corporate environments values, principles, and assumptions that genuinely prioritize people. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. . Student motivation is correlated with learning. IvyPanda. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are provided with greater perks. McGregor's Theory X perspective. 5. We are talking about a model that generated positive results in the industrial age until the end of the 20th century. D. a manager who meets Maslow's esteem needs of employees. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. In managing his employees, he is most likely to: 2. 1. 4. The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. Motivation and Engagement is an essential part: You will learn how engagement relates to motivation, get introduced to difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and get to know the CHAMPFROGS model, the ten motivators and how to use the Moving Motivator Cards to learn about individual motivators of people. 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. ________ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state. McGregors X and Y Theories was developed by social psychologist Douglas McGregor in the 1960s. Herzberg's motivational factors. Employees under this theory seek responsibility as motivational drivers. Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. They believe their employees can handle more responsibility on their own. 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. Douglas McGregor's conceptualization of Theory X and Theory Y has influenced management practices for almost six decades, despite the relative paucity of empirical support. What is an advantage of using a flextime schedule? It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. 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