However, as men dominate the public sphere and hold more decision-making power, womens authority is mostly limited to the domestic space. Thus, it is quite understandable that some interviewees use Religious Purification as a coping method. Today, the conservative interpretations of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and cannot do. Culture is one of the most important factors affecting the development of motherhood in Iran. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. I can talk to Him, even talk to the saints. Early marriage is a worldwide problem associated with a range of health and social consequences for teenage girls. According to research published in the Journal of Health and Social Behaviour by Erin Cornwell of Cornell University and Linda Waite of the University of Chicago, social relationships are particularly important for those coping with mental illness; social withdrawal aggravates loneliness, stress, and feelings of low self-worth. Islam is practiced by the majority of Iranians and governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives. Results of data analysis show the importance of using protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and Arabic. (Bhardwaj, Citation1998, p. 72). When Nahal is told shes had a miscarriage, instead of seeking support from her familywho have, in the past, refused to recognize her struggle with depressionshe keeps the news to herself, leading to desperation. Dec 15, 2012. Some people believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and behaviour. Role of Mother: Traditionally, Hmong mothers nurture and take care of the children. This test is Gods message to remind us not to turn our back to Him. Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. In Nigeria, the core traditional values have been debased at the modern era. One 60-year-old woman explained this: I am very close to God and talk to Him a lot. TEHRAN, Nov. 18 (MNA) - According to PersianRestaurant.org, food culture is the practices, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food. Cultural beliefs affect health and wellness through the information that it provides for its people. 7. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. In this respect, two interviewees understood their collaboration with God as follows: I dont believe in predestination. It is the same with the saints and Imams. In so doing, the following steps were undertaken. Previously, people usually only dated after high school; however, it is becoming common for teenagers to do so. These are sometimes called 'cultural value preferences'. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the region, and it has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. Largely, ones family is the biggest social indicator of status. Culture, a socially transmitted system of shared knowledge, beliefs and/or practices that varies across groups, and individuals within those groups, has been a critical mode of adaptation throughout the history of our species [].Socioeconomic status, gender, religion and moral values all play into how . We will try by sociologically analyzing the results, to discuss the role of cultural beliefs in coping. Family culture influences the way each family member thinks, feels, and acts on a daily basis. After the coding process was complete, we established the fundamental characteristics of the methods the informants employed to cope with their cancer disease. For more information please visit our Permissions help page. Talking in terms of beating a disease . keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). View. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. August 12, 2011. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. Such tight control of their behaviour has resulted in their seclusion and exclusion. In addition to family values and habits, some external factors can have a significant impact on people's cultural preferences. Completely surrounded by God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands. Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. Such an unwillingness to turn to clergies in the time of difficulty is also found in our Turkish study. Traditions, cultural values, attitudes and behaviors help in children's rearing in the society and relays the family structure from generation to generation [ 7 ]. I begged Him not to let me die in pain. The purpose of the project is to explore, from a sociological perspective, different forms of meaning-making coping (existential, spiritual, and religious coping) used by people who have been struck by cancer and, thereby, to attempt to understand the effect of culture on the use of these coping strategies. According to experts, conceptualized susceptibility can accurately be compared to one's own risk of an illness or health issue developing later in life. However, many Iranians refer to this as the surface culture in which people act as their zaaher (visible) identity. As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. Islam has neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which has the task of defining dogma. All these things calm me down and give me strength. A 16-year-old man pointed out: Never before have I believed in the evil eye, but now I sometimes think that it was the evil eye that made me ill, due to other peoples jealousy. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). Improving patient and family care outcomes has been said to require "nuanced understanding of cultural con-texts for those who provide care and those who receive it" (Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p. 1). Being a collectivist society, people in Iran show very strong loyalty to their family. God tells us if you act, I will support you. Cultural family values normalizing child marriage. External Factors. We will present these methods in another article. Today, Iran is home to a population of around 83,024,745 individuals. It would seem reasonable to assume that religion is more accessible to individuals whose orientation system is greatly marked by religion. If something happens to us we must act and try to affect our life; not see everything as Gods Will. Generally, families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the household dynamic. Cultural is a comprehensive concept that contains children's states of health, illness, and well-being. Healthcare in Iran is based on three pillars: the public-governmental system, the private sector, and NGOs. As it seems, believing that imams have outwardly powers, that visiting imams tombs ziyarat means nearing the source of the divine, and that through ziyarat they gain rewards savab has brought about the kind of psychological confidence and security that our informants needed while facing a serious life crisis. The Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE were used to categorise these methods. Deborah A. Boyle, RN, MSN. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. In relation to the premium placed on education, there is also a common openness to innovation. This changed as the Islamic Republic legally enforced the separation of genders and placed extreme restrictions on women. Health beliefs: In some cultures, people believe that talking about a possible poor health outcome will cause that outcome to occur. The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. Here believing in the evil eye was in focus. Show abstract. On the contrary, seeking the love of saints and imams was found in this study. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. They help each other through difficulties, and are always there for each other through thick and thin. Moreover, they claimed that ziyarat makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones. such as religious beliefs, social norms, and family values. After the loss of her unborn child, Nahal spirals into deep depression, deciding not to remove dead fetal tissue from her womb. The participants were recruited through a number of cancer treatment and rehabilitation centres in Tehran. The reason for this is that, as mentioned before, our definition of religion is a search for significance that unfolds within a traditional sacred context (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 72). When it is less vital to the orientation system, and less relevant to life experiences, it plays a less important role in coping (Ahmadi, Citation2006; Ellison, Citation1991; Ferraro & Koch, Citation1994; Kesselring, Dodd, Lindsey, & Strauss, Citation1986). All leaders are expected to have a high level of academic achievement or theological education. Robert T. Muller, Ph.D., is a professor of psychology at York University, and the author of the book Trauma and the Avoidant Client. One interviewee, a 53-year-old woman, explained: I thought maybe I had committed sins and that this was Gods way of punishing me. Passive Religious Deferral refers to passive waiting for God to control the situation. They invite a great number of guests for the wedding day. The participants confirmed large cultural differences in doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian and Swedish patients. They ensure civil law and court decisions abide by the principles of Islam, and are generally highly conservative. Many Asian people, by comparison, have a strong belief that uncertainty is inherent in life and each day is taken as it comes. The interviews varied in length, from around one hour to one and half hours. Essential to our study is, thus, not the study of coping only from a psychological perceptive but mainly the role of culture in the present study; we define culture as a system of beliefs, traditions, customs, art, history, folklore, institutions, norm and values and how they are expressed a system that is shared by members of a society, community or group. Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the family. The study highlights the importance of investigating cultural and social context when exploring the use of the meaning-making coping strategies in different countries. Intercession is a safe way of obtaining a divine blessing. Iranian Culture 12 Traditions and Customs Only Iranians Will Understand Posted on 28 July 2019 As in any other country, Iran is ripe with quirks and eccentricities. Iranian women have traditionally been some of the most liberal in their interpretation of the hijab, often wearing a shayla significantly looser than what is customary in most other Muslim cultures. Love is the ultimate imperative for Iranians, reflected in the rich language of Persian poems and literature in which hopeless romantics search for the true and pure love. In fact, there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are Iranians. Across its history, Iran has continuously pursued modernisation whilst looking to maintain its spiritual integrity. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities - such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians - has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. Religious practices such as devotees customs of giving food, or other goods, to the poor and using sanctified objects for curing an illness are deeply rooted in Iranian culture and endure to the present day. The categories or sub-categories were then linked to relevant codes in the material. The criteria suggested by Lincoln and Guba (Citation1985) were utilised in the current research to ensure trustworthiness. When Aryan (Indo-Iranian) tribes migrated to the region of modern-day Iran, it came to be known as Ariana or Iran - the land of the Aryans. In public, people behave in the way that will benefit them (i.e. After recruitment of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences. Iran's unique history and geography translates to a diverse mix of cultural influences on the Persian cuisine. One can notice it in the institutions dedicated to technology and medical sciences, but also in the general populations remarkable mobilisation of multiple social networks. Most Iranians seem to be unified across ethnic divides. Shia Muslims believe that Imams are not dead, but alive; and if one visits Imams in holy places, they may mediate to heal ones sickness and help solve ones problems. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. The several religious coping methods found in the present study are categorised on the basis of RCOPEs five basic religious functions. Although recognition of mental-health problems in Iran has arguably increased over the past few years, considerable stigma still exists. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. The health beliefs of individuals have a . Cultural and religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life. Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business network. As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License. Relevance to clinical practice Before carrying out the research, the University of Tehrans Ethics Committee reviewed the project to ensure that it complied with the Research Code of Conduct and Ethics. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Most Iranian expats living in Australia are likely to have a more progressive understanding of womens rights as many arrive fleeing the harsh policies of the Iranian government. Still, when religion plays a predominant role as a coping resource, this is often because the individual has few or limited other alternatives available in his/her immediate sociocultural context. Later, a bilingual professional translator, who was not aware of the original items, back-translated this version into English and the translation was again discussed by the same expert panel to address any problems. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. The larger study has been conducted among cancer patients in 10 countries. I never forget Him for a second. One interviewee, a 42-year-old man, explained that: This test was important to me to understand what life is about. Most Christians are Armenian in origin (Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018). 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